Animal Behavior

Jeopardy Study Game!

Link to Jeopardy Game:
Jeopardy Animal Behavior Game

Practice AP Bio Animal Behavior Quiz

1. It is difficult for humans to study the behavior of other animals for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
a. human information processing is different from other animals.
b. other animals' behavior seems to resemble human behavior.
c. we perceive our world with sensory organs more or less unlike those of other animals.
d. humans can manipulate tools and other animals cannot.
e. humans have more learned behavior than other animals.

2. Which of the following groups of scientists are closely associated with ethology?
a. Watson, Crick, and Franklin
b. McClintock, Goodall, and Lyon
c. Fossey, Hershey, and Chase
d. von Frisch, Lorenz, and Tinbergen
e. Hardy, Weinberg, and Castle

3. Animals tend to maximize their energy-intake to expenditure ratio. What is this behavior called?
a. agonistic behavior
b. optimal foraging
c. dominance hierarchies
d. animal cognition
e. territoriality

Use the terms shown below to answer the following question(s).
Match the term that best fits each of the following descriptions of behavior. Each term may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

1. FAP releaser

2. habituation

3. imprinting

4. classical conditioning

5. operant conditioning

4. Male insects attempt to mate with orchids but eventually stop responding to them.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5

5. A returning salmon goes back to its own home stream to spawn.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5

6. The proximate causes of behavior are interactions with the environment whereas the ultimate cause of behavior is
a. hormones.
b. evolution.
c. sexuality.
d. pheromones.
e. the nervous system.

7. In the territorial behavior of the stickleback fish, the red belly of one male illicits attack from another male by functioning as
a. a pheromone.
b. a releaser.
c. a zeitgeber.
d. a search image.
e. an imprint stimulus

.

8. All of the following statements about learning and behavior are correct EXCEPT
a. Insight learning involves the ability to reason.
b. Associative learning involves linking one stimulus with another.
c. Operant conditioning is a type of innate behavior that involves drive.
d. Behavior can be modified by learning but some apparent learning is mostly due to maturation.
e. Imprinting is a learned behavior with an innate component acquired during a critical period.

9. The congregation of lice in a moist location due to greater activity in dry areas is an example of
a. taxis.
b. tropism.
c. kinesis.
d. insight.
e. net reflex.

10. Which of the following statements about behavioral

rhythms is correct?
a. Daily behaviors are regulated by an endogenous clock set by external signs.
b. Exogenous cues have little influence on biological

clocks.
c. The proposed mechanism

of the biological clock involves the resonance of magnetite.
d. Circannual behaviors are controlled by endogenous clocks.
e. Hibernation is controlled by an internal clock.

11. A substance produced by one animal, which elicits a specific response by another member of the same species

is called
a. a marker.
b. an inducer.
c. a pheromone.
d. an imprinter.
e. an agonistic chemical.

12. The presence of altruistic behavior in animals is most likely due to kin selection, a theory that maintains that
a. aggression between sexes promotes the survival of the fittest individuals.
b. genes enhance survival of copies of themselves by directing organisms to care for others who share those genes.
c. companionship is advantageous to animals because in the future they can help each other.
d. critical thinking abilities are normal traits for animals and they have arisen, like other traits, through natural selection

.
e. natural selection has generally favored the evolution of exaggerated aggressive and submissive behaviors to resolve conflict without grave harm to participants.

Refer to the list of scientists given below to answer the following question(s).

1. Karl von Frisch

2. Niko Tinbergen

3. Konrad Lorenz

4. B.F. Skinner

5. Ivan Pavlov

13. Studied communication

in bees.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5

14. Studied imprinting of greylag geese.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5

Refer to the following list of scientists to answer the following question(s).

1. E.O. Wilson

2. Jane Goodall

3. J.B.S. Haldane

4. Donald Griffin

5. Jean-Henri Fabre

15. Studied mechanistic fixed action patterns in digger wasps.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5

16. A key stimulus

results in a fixed action pattern through a(n):

(A) Configurational key stimulus

(B) Interactive FAP sequence

(D) Innate releasing mechanism

17. A female Herring gull has a red spot on her beak. When they see this spot, her chicks will peck at it and the female bird will regurgitate food for the chicks. In this situation, the spot on the female's beak acts as the:

(A) Fixed action pattern

(B) Key stimulus

(D) Interactive FAP sequence

18. A male stickleback fish will normally become

aggressive upon seeing the red belly of another male stickleback. These males will become extremely aggressive when they see a large red object. What kind of stimulus is the large red object?

(A) Red-aggression stimulus

(B) Supernormal stimulus

(D) Interactive FAP sequence

19. An environmental stimulus

that can be used to entrain an endogenous clock is called a:

(A) Zeitgeber

(B) Zugunruhe

(D) Circadian rhythm

20. A sea slug normally responds to being poked by curling up. After being poked repeatedly the slug no longer curls up. This is an example of:

(A) Dishabituation

(B) Habituation

(D) Operant Conditioning

PEACE EDEM THE SCIENCE GAL

Our very own, student made parody of Bill Bye the Science Guy. But this time, it's PEACE EDEM THE SCIENCE GAL. Enjoy

Link to YouTube video (in case blog video doesnt work):
PEACE EDEM THE SCIENCE GAL

Ethical Implications

Here are some links to articles that describe two controversial deabtes about the involvement of animals and their biological structures and behaviors in labratory testings. Read them to understand the implications of animal involvement in modern biotechnology.

Animal Testing Article Link

Animal Cloning Article Link

Study Tips!

51.1 Stimuli& Mediation

- Fixed Action Pattern (FAP)

- Stereotyped, innate behavior

EXs) European graylag goose, stickleback fish, human infant

ANIMAL SIGNALS& COMMUNICATION

è Used for species recognition, mating, social behavior

- Pheromones= hormones

- Ex) ants, Queen bees

è Visual=aggression or courtship

è Auditory= communication over long distances

CHI- SQUARE

è EQ’N: =∑(O-E)^2/ E

è DEGREES OF FREEDOM: n-1 where n=independent variables

51.2 Experience& Behavior

“Monkey see, Monkey Do”

51.3 Individual& Reproduction

-Optimal Foraging Model: minimal cost& maximum benefits >

-polyGYNOUS: “pimp” ONE male, MANY female

-polyANDROUS: “guy-magnet” ONE female, MANY male

**sexual selection is influenced by imprinting**

Flashcards for Studying!

Flashcards Quizlet Link

1. Fixed Action Pattern

sequence of unlearned acts linked to a simple stimulus

2. Sign Stimulus

trigger for the behavior (ex. red in ppt. prompts the male stickleback's aggressive behavior)

3. Habituation

ignoring stimulus after constant repetition

4. Pheromones

chemical

signals emitted by members of one species

to affect other members of same species

5. Visual signals

physical signals to warn or send a message to members of same species (ex. white warning of mockingbird)

6. Auditory signals

sound messages (Ex. screech of a blue jay)

7. Chi- Square (X^2)

Goodness of Fit calculation that compares the experimental

data with a theoretical expected distribution

8. Degrees of Freedom

a measure of how many values can vary in a statistical calculation ( used during Chi- Square calculations)

9. Imprinting

learned and innate components, limited to a sensitive period and are generally irreversible

10. Spatial&Cognitive Maps

using memory to reflect the environment

through representation in the nervous system

11. Cognition

decision-making through reasoning, recollection, and judgment

12. Social Learning

learning through observation of others

13. Associative Learning

ability to associate one feature of environment with another

14. Classical Conditioning

arbitrary stimulus

becomes associated with a particular outcome

15. Operant Conditioning

trial-and-error learning, reward and punishment

16. Optimal Foraging Model

based on the efficiency of the method, depicts evolution of foraging (Ex. natural selection

favors minimal cost, maximum benefits)

17. Monogamous Mating Behavior

one male and one female

18. Promiscuous Mating Behavior

no mating bond

19. Polygamous Mating Behavior

an individual of one sex with several of the other

20. Polygynous Mating Behavior

one male and lots of females

21. Polyandrous Mating Behavior

one female and lots of males

22. Intersexual Selection

sexual selection; one sex chooses mates based on certain traits

23. Mate-choice Copying

females copy other females' choices

24. Intrasexual Selection

competition

within the gender

25. Altruism

selfless behavior that decreases the individual's fitness but increases the fitness of others in the population

26. Inclusive Fitness

by helping other members of the same species

and reproducing, the genes of the individual proliferate

Study Assignments!

Assignment #1

Lab 11: Animal Behavior

In this lab, detailed observations of an organism’s behavior are made. This serves as the basis for formulating a hypothesis and designing an experiment to test the hypothesis. This is good practice for designing a controlled experiment.

In one exercise, pillbugs (roly-polies) are placed in a “choice chamber” with one half lined with dry filter paper and the other half lined with wet filter paper. Many students hypothesize that because pillbugs are crustaceans respire through gills, they will be found more often in the moist chamber.

Realize that this experiment is not controlled. Write an essay in relation to designing a controlled experiment in which you identify the hypothesis, independent and dependent variables, confounding variables, and how to control for these confounding variables. Also, explain the elements in this experiment in regards to chi square analysis and what p-value qualifies the results of the experiment to be statistically significant. REMEMBER DON'T JUST LIST KEY TERMS; REMEMBER TO EXPLAIN THEM AS WELL!!!